As early as 1890, Roy and Sherrington proposed the theory of neurovascular coupling that is “an increase in cerebral blood flow is induced during neural activity for a better energy supply” thus, the change in local oxygenated hemoglobin will cause a series of other reactions. Neurovascular coupling is the basis for functional brain imaging ( 6, 7). It detects the brain activity near the brain surface by monitoring the relative concentration changes in oxy-hemoglobin and deoxy-hemoglobin in the microvasculature of brain tissue during cognitive activity in real-time ( 2, 3).ĭuring neural activities, consumed oxygen is compensated by increased blood supply, leading to an increased and decreased, a process understood as part of the neurovascular coupling mechanism ( 4, 5). Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is an emerging functional neuroimaging method, non-invasively using the absorption and scattering relationships between multiple wavelengths of near-infrared light and chromophores in brain tissue. ![]() ![]() The improvement of diagnosis and treatment of psychiatric disorders relies on accessible neuroimaging tools that can identify associated frontal lobe dysfunction. This is the first attempt to characterize the cognitive, emotional, and behavioral regulation of the prefrontal working memory network using fNIRS, which may promote the application of fNIRS in clinical settings. By alternating the stimulation patterns of resting and task states, six typical symptom-related functional brain imaging waveforms related to psychiatric disorders are identified and three joint networks of the prefrontal working memory, namely, the attentional working memory primary coordination network, the perceptual content working memory secondary network, and the emotional-behavioral working memory executive network, are initially represented. The fNIRS brain imaging based on multiple cognitive tasks could generally reflect the working patterns and neurovascular coupling changes in the prefrontal working memory network. The diversity of cognitive task paradigms using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and the lack of theoretical explanations for these functional imaging atlases have greatly hindered the application of fNIRS in psychiatry. 4School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.3Independent Practitioner, Beijing, China. ![]() 2Department of Psychiatry, Yuquan Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.1Department of Foreign Languages and Literatures, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.Yufei Ren 1 *, Gang Cui 1, Xiaoqian Zhang 2, Kun Feng 2, Chenchao Yu 3 and Pozi Liu 2,4 *
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